The Gender

Avengvb Kvj †_‡KB mgv‡Ri ci‡Z ci‡Z bvix-cyiæl we‡f` Qov‡bv Av‡Q| G we‡f‡`i Qvc i‡q‡Q bvix-cyiæ‡li kix‡i-gvb‡m, wPšÍ‡b, wkÿvq; GgbwK fvlv ms¯‹…wZ‡Z| fvlvi RM‡Z G we‡f` GZUvB cÖKU †h Zv KLbI KLbI e¨w³ gvby‡li Rb¨ AegvbbvKi n‡q `vuovq; GgbwK e¨w³ gvby‡li †hvM¨Zv-`ÿZv‡K cÖkœwe× K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc, Bs‡iwR fvlvq ‘Chairman’ kã _vK‡jI ÔChairwoman’ e‡j wKQz †bB| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e cÖkœ Rv‡M, Zvn‡j †Kvb bvix wK mswkøó c‡`i Rb¨ h‡_vchy³ bq? G ai‡bi fvlv‡K ejv nq Sexist language/gender specific language ev GK ˆjw½K fvlv| fvlvMZ G ˆelg¨ `~ixKi‡Y AvaywbK Kv‡j bi-bvix wbwe©‡k‡l AšÍf©~w³g~jK fvlv (Gender inclusive language) e¨envi Kiv n‡q _v‡K| ZvB mf¨ mgv‡R ‘Chairman’ kãwUi ¯’‡j ‘Chair’ ev ‘Chairperson’ kãwU e¨envi Kiv nq|  

evsjv fvlvi b¨vq Bs‡iwR fvlvqI wj‡½i aviYvwU ¯^vfvweK ev cÖvK…wZK wj‡½i aviYv wfwËK (based on natural gender, i.e. maleness and femaleness) Ges ZZUv  e¨KiY wfwËK bq (not based on Grammar, i.e. morphology)| Bs‡iwR fvlvq ˆjw½K wefvRb we‡kl¨ (me we‡kl¨ c‡`i †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq) I me©bvg c‡`B mxgve×| ev‡K¨ cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î Gi e¨vKiYMZ f~wgKv (Grammatical function) †Zgb GKUv †bB| ‡hgb: we‡kl¨ I me©bvg c‡`i wj½ cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y ev‡K¨i Ab¨ ‡Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Avw½K cwieZ©b N‡U bv (no morphological change)| wKš‘ Ab¨ A‡bK fvlvq  we‡kl¨ I me©bvg c` QvovI wµqv c` I we‡klY c‡`iI wj½MZ cwieZ©b N‡U| Avevi we‡kl¨ I me©bvg c‡`i wj½ cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y Ab¨ Dcv`v‡biI Avw½K cwieZ©b N‡U| †hgb: wnw›` fvlvq we‡kl¨ ev me©bvg c‡`i ˆjw½K cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ wµqv c‡`i MV‡bI cwieZ©b N‡U|

Types of Gender:

Bs‡iwR fvlvq wj½ 4 cÖKvi| h_v:

1. Masculine Gender (cys wj½)

2. Feminine Gender (¯¿x wj½)

3. Neuter Gender (K¬xe wj½)

4. Common Gender (Dfq wj½)  

Masculine Gender (cys wj½)	†Kvb cÖRvwZi cyiæl m`m¨‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|	man, boy, actor, horse, etc.
Feminine Gender (¯¿x wj½)	†Kvb cÖRvwZi bvix m`m¨‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|	woman, girl, actress, mare, etc.
Common Gender (Dfq wj½)	†Kvb cÖRvwZi bvix I cyiæl Dfq‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|	parent, friend, client, student, etc.
Neuter Gender (K¬xe wj½)	bvix ev cyiæl KvD‡K eySvq bv, Ro e¯‘mg~n‡K eySvq|	rock, table, pencil, etc.

☞ Bs‡iwR‡Z ¯^fveZB wKQz wKQz Masculine Noun Av‡Q †h¸‡jvi †Kvb Feminine Gender †bB| †hgb:

Captain (AwabvqK)	Coward (Kvcyiæl)	Judge (wePviK)
Knight (exi/gnr Dcvwa cÖvß)	Parson (ag©hvRK)	Squire (m¤£všÍ cyiæl)

☞ cÖvK…wZK wKQz mË¡v‡K kw³i cÖZxK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡`i‡K Masculine Gender wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| †hgb:

Thunder	Summer	Death
Sun

☞ Bs‡iwR‡Z ¯^fveZB wKQz wKQz Feminine Noun Av‡Q †h¸‡jvi †Kvb Masculine Gender †bB| †hgb:

Amazon (cyiælvwj ¯^vfv‡ei bvix)	Blonde (‡mvbvjx Pzj I eY© wewkó igYx)	Coquette (wQbvj gwnjv)
Drab (†bvsiv †g‡q)	Flirt (wQbvj)	Laundress (avcvbx)
Nurse (†mweKv)	Shrew (e`‡gRvwR gwnjv)	Siren (KznwKbx)
Termagant(KjnwcÖq gwnjv)	Virgin (AweevwnZv cweÎ hyeZx)	House-wife (M„wnYx)
Virago (KjnwcÖq gwnjv)	Dowager (পরলোকগত স্বামীর উপাধি ও সম্পত্তি প্রাপ্তা নারী)

☞ cÖvK…wZK wKQz mË¡v‡K †mŠ›`h© ev KgjZvi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡`i‡K Feminine  Gender wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| †hgb:

Night	Moon	Hope
Peace

☞ RvnvR (Ship), †`k (Country), †ijMvwo (Train) cÖf…wZ‡K mvaviYZ Feminine  Gender wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|

☞ Bs‡iwR‡Z wKQz wKQz Noun Av‡Q †h¸‡jv Masculine I Feminine Dfq wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv‡K ejv nq Common Gender (Dfq wj½)| †hgb:

Applicant (Av‡e`bKvix)	Candidate (cyiæl/bvix cÖv_x©)	Enemy (cyiæl/bvix kÎæ)
Ass (cyiæl/gv`x Mvav)	Baby (†Q‡j/‡g‡q wkï)	Beggar (wfLvwi/wfLvwibx)
Bird (cÿx/cwÿbx)	Child (†LvKv/LyKx)	Citizen (cyiæl/bvix bvMwiK)
Cat (cyiæl/gv`x weovj)	Cattle (Mevw` cï)	Companion (m½x)
Comrade (m½x)	Dancer (bZ©K/bZ©Kx)	Friend (eÜz/evÜzex)
Cousin (ÁvZx fvB/‡evb)	Deer (nwiY/nwiYx)	Elephant (cyiæl/gv`x nvwZ)
Fox (cyiæl/gv`x ‡LK wkqvj)	Fool (†evKv)	Infant (evjK/evwjKv)
Guardian (AwffveK)	Guest (AwZw_)	Owner (cyiæl/bvix gvwjK)
Lawyer (cyiæl/bvix AvBbRxex)	Parent (wcZv/gvZv)	Pig (ïKi/ïKix)
Orphan (GwZg)	Member (cyiæl/bvix m`m¨)
Passenger (hvÎx)	President(mfvcwZ/mfv‡bÎx)	Relative(cyiæl/bvix AvZ¥xq)
Pupil (cyiæl/bvix wkl¨)	Sheep (†fov/‡fox)	Spouse (¯^vgx/¯¿x)
Singer (MvqK/MvwqKv)	Swan (ivRnvum/ivRnusmx)	Leader (‡bZv/‡bÎx)
Student (QvÎ/QvÎx)	Teacher (wkÿK/wkwÿKv)	Writer (‡jLK/‡jwLKv)

Gender cwieZ©‡bi wbqg (Rules to change gender):

☞ wKQz Masculine Noun †K m¤ú~Y© wfbœ kã e¨envi K‡i Feminine Gender Kiv nq| †hgb:  

Masculine Gender	Feminine Gender
Bachelor (AweevwnZ cyiæl)	Maid/spinster (Kzgvix)
Beau (my`k©b cyiæl)	Belle (my›`ix igYx)
Boar (k~Ki)	Sow (k~Kix)
Brother	Sister
Buck (nwiY)	Doe (nwiYx)
Bull, Ox	Cow
Bullock (ej` Miæ)	Heifer (eKbv Miæ)
Cock	Hen
Colt (Ak¦kveK)	Filly (wkï †NvUKx)
Dog	Bitch
Drake (cvwZ nuvm)	Duck (cvwZ nsmx)
Drone (cys †gŠgvwQ)	Bee (¯¿x †gŠgvwQ)
Duke (m¤ªvU)	Duchess (m¤ªvÁx)
Earl (m¤£všÍ c`wei cyiæl)	Countess (m¤£všÍ c`wei bvix)
Father	Mother
Fox (‡LK wkqvj)	Vixen (‡LK wkqvjx)
Gander (ivRnvum)	Goose (ivRnusmx)
Gentleman	Lady
Hart (cyiæl nwiY)	Roe (gv`x nwiY)
Horse	Mare (†NvUKx)
Husband	Wife
King	Queen
Lad (evjK)	Lass (evwjKv)
Lord (gwbe)	Lady (bvix gwbe)
Lover (†cÖwgK)	Beloved (†cÖwgKv)
Male	Female
Master (gnvkq)	Miss (gnvkqv)
Monk, Friar (mbϬvmx)	Nun (mbϬvmxwb)
Nephew (fvB‡cv/‡evb‡cv)	Niece (fvBwS/‡evbwS)
Papa	Mamma
Ram/Wether (‡fov)	Ewe (‡fox)
Sir (gnvkq)	Madam (gnvkqv)
Sloven (†bvsiv cyiæl †jvK)	Slut (†bvsiv ¯¿x †jvK)
Son	Daughter
Stag (cyiæl nwiY)	Hind (gv`x nwiY)
Swain (cjøx bvMi)	Nymph (Rj-Kzgvix)
Tailor/Seamster (`R©x)	Seamstress (bvix `R©x)
Uncle	Aunt
Widower (wecZœxK)	Widow (weaev bvix)
Wizard (hv`yKi)	Witch (hv`yKix)

☞ wKQz Masculine Noun Gi mv‡_ ‘ess’ †hvM K‡i Feminine Gender Kiv nq| †hgb:

Masculine Gender	Feminine Gender
Author (†jLK)	Authoress (†jwLKv)
Baron (m¤£všÍ cyiæl)	Baroness (m¤£všÍ bvix)
Count (m¤§vbxZ e¨w³)	Countess (m¤§vbxZv gwnjv)
Giant (`vbe)	Giantess (`vbex)
God	Goddess
Heir (DËivaxKvix)	Heiress (DËivaxKvwibx)
Host (cyiæl Av‡qvRK)	Hostess (bvix Av‡qvRK)
Jew (Bû`x cyiæl)	Jewess (Bû`x bvix)
Leopard (wPZvevN)	Leopardess (wPZvevwNbx)
Lion (wmsn)	Lioness (wmsnx)
Manager (e¨e¯’vcK)	Manageress (bvix e¨e¯’vcK)
Murderer (Lybx)	Murderess (gwnjv Lybx)
Patron (c„ô‡cvlK)	Patroness (c„ô‡cvwlKv)
Peer (AwfRvZ †kÖYxfz³ cyiæl)	Peeress (AwfRvZ †kÖYxfz³ bvix)
Poet	Poetess
Priest (ag©hvRK)	Priestess (gwnjv ag©hvRK)
Prince (hyeivR)	Princess (ivRKb¨v)
Prophet (fwel¨ev`x cyiæl)	Prophetess (fwel¨ev`x bvix)
Shepherd (‡gkevjK)	Shepherdess (‡gkevjK evwjKv)
Sorcerer (hv`yKi)	Sorceress (hv`yKix)
Steward (cyiæl ZË¡veavqK)	Stewardess (ZË¡veavbKvwibx)
Viscount (m¤§vbxZ cyiæl)	Viscountess (m¤§vbxZv gwnjv)

☞ wKQz Masculine Noun Gi †k‡l hw` or, er, ro, ary _v‡K Zvn‡j Zv‡K Feminine Gender Kivi mgq o,e,a  D‡V wM‡q r Gi ci ess hy³ nq| †hgb:

Masculine Gender	Feminine Gender
Actor (Awf‡bZv)	Actress (Awf‡bÎx)
Ambassador (ivóª`~Z)	Ambassadress (bvix ivóª`~Z)
Benefactor (RbwnZKvix cyiæl)	Benefactress (RbwnZKvix bvix)
Conductor (cwiPvjK)	Conductress (cwiPvwjKv)
Director (cwiPvjK)	Directress (cwiPvwjKv)
Enchanter (hv`yKi)	Enchantress (hv`yKix)
Governor (AwffveK)	Governess (AwffvweKv)
Hunter (wkKvix)	Huntress (wkKvix gwnjv)
Inspector (cwi`k©K)	Inspectress (cwi`wk©Kv)
Instructor (wkÿK)	Instructress (wkÿKqÎx)
Negro (K…òv½ cyiæl)	Negress (K…òv½ bvix)
Porter (Kzwj, gy‡U)	Portress (gy‡Ubx)
Preceptor (wkÿK)	Preceptress (wkwÿKv)
Songster (MvqK)	Songstress (MvwqKv)
Tempter (cÖjyäKvix cyiæl)	Temptress (cÖjyäKvix bvix)
Tiger	Tigress
Traitor (wek¦vmNvZK)	Traitress (wek¦vmNvwZbx)
Tutor (wkÿK)	Tutress (wkwÿKv)
Waiter (cwiPiK)	Waitress (cwiPvwiKv)

☞ wKQz Masculine Noun Gi †k‡l a, ine, ix BZ¨vw` †hvM K‡i Feminine Gender Kiv nq| †hgb:

Masculine Gender	Feminine Gender
Administrator (cÖkvmK)	Administratrix (bvix cÖkvmK)
Czar  (Rvi ivwkqvi m¤ªvU)	Czarina (ivwkqvi m¤ªvÁx)
Don (gnvkq)	Dona (gnvkqv)
Executor (wbe©vnK)	Executrix (wbe©vwnKv)
Hero (bvqK)	Heroine (bvwqKv)
Proprietor (¯^Z¡vwaKvix)	Proprietrix (¯^Z¡vwaKvwibx)
Prosecutor (AwfksmK)	Prosecutrix (AwfksmwqKv)
Signor (gnvkq)	Signora (gnvkqv)
Sultan (myjZvb/kvmK)	Sultana (gymwjg m¤ªvÁx)

☞ Compound noun Gi Masculine Ask‡K Feminine K‡i| †hgb:

Masculine Gender	Feminine Gender
Baby-boy	Baby-girl
Beggar-man	Beggar-woman
Billy-goat (QvM)	Nanny-goat (QvMx)
Boatman (gvwS)	Boatwoman (bvix gvwS)
Bull-calf (Gu‡o evQzi)	Cow-calf (eKbv evQzi)
Father-in-law	Mother-in-law
Fisher-man	Fisher-woman/ Fish wife
Foster-father	Foster-mother
God-father	God-mother
Grandfather	Grandmother
Head-master	Head-mistress
He-goat	She-goat
Jack-ass (cyiæl Mvav)	She-ass (gv`x Mvav)
Land-lord	Land-lady
Male-servant	Female-servant
Mankind (cyiæl RvwZ)	Womankind (bvix RvwZ)
Man-servant	Maid-servant
Milk-man (‡Mvqvjv)	Milk-maid (‡Mvqvwjbx)
Peacock (gq~i)	Peahen (gq~ix)
Policeman	Policewoman
Post-master	Post-mistress
Salesman	Salesgirl
Son-in-law	Daughter-in-law
Step-brother (mr fvB)	Step-sister (mr ‡evb)
Washer-man	Washer-woman

☞ wKQz Masculine Noun Av‡Q hv‡`i‡K Feminine - G  iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡j †Kvb wbw`©ó wbqg AbymiY Kiv hvq bv| †hgb:  

Masculine Gender	Feminine Gender
Abbot (gVva¨ÿ)	Abbess (gVva¨ÿv)
Bridegroom (ei)	Bride (K‡b)
Marquis/Marquess (m¤§vbxZ cyiæl)	Marchioness (m¤§vbxZv bvix)
Mr. (Rbve)	Mrs./Ms. (Rbvev)

☞For animals, from Masculine to Feminine:

Masculine Gender	Feminine Gender
Boar (k~Ki)	Sow (k~Kix)
Bull (lvo)	Cow (Mvfx)
Cob (ivRnvum)	Pen (ivRnusmx)
Drake (cvwZ nsm)	Duck (cvwZ nsmx)
Fox (cyiæl †LK wkqvj)	Vixen (†LK wkqvjx)
Gander (ivRnsm)	Goose (ivRnsmx)
Lion (wmsn)	Lioness (wmsnx)
Ram (†fov)	Ewe (†fox)
Rooster (‡gviM)	Hen (gyiMx)
Stallion (†Nvov)	Mare (†NvUKx
Tiger (evN)	Tigress (evwNbx)

☞ wKQz Masculine Noun Av‡Q hv‡`i‡K Common Gender wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb:

Actor	Author
Doctor	Lawyer
Man	Poet
Teacher

☞ wKQz Feminine Noun Av‡Q hv‡`i‡K Common Gender wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb:

Bee
Cow	Duck

q An Easy Approach to English Grammar