৩৫তম বিসিএস ইংরেজি সাহিত্যের প্রশ্নের ব্যাখ্যাসহ সমাধান

35^th BCS

1. Who wrote the following lines: “all at once I saw a crowd, a host of golden daffodils?”

A. Wordsworth	Ans: A   B. Herrick
C. Shelley	D. Keats

e¨vL¨v:

(a) W. Wordsworth (1770-1850) — ‡ivgvw›UK hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg Kwe I cÖvewÜK| The Solitary Reaper Zuvi GKwU Abe`¨ KweZv| (i) The child is father of the man. (ii) Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. (iii) Nature never did betray the heart that loved her. - Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dw³|

(b) Robert Herrick (1591-1674) — mcÍ`k kZ‡Ki MxwZKwe| Hesperides - bvgK KweZv msKj‡bi Rb¨ mycwiwPZ|  Delight in Disorder, Upon Julia’s Clothes Zuvi Abe`¨ KweZv|

(c) Shelley — Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨Zg MxwZ Kwe (Lyric poet) wn‡m‡e mycwiwPZ P. B. Shelley †ivgvw›UK mvwnZ¨avivi †kl w`‡Ki Kwe| Zuv‡K wecøex Kwe (Revolutionary poet) wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| wZwb e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b bvw¯ÍK wQ‡jb| Zuv‡K Oxford University †_‡K ewn®‹vi Kiv n‡qwQj| wZwb ZiæY eq‡m (30 eQi eq‡m) mvM‡i Wz‡e (drowned in the sea) gviv hvb| (i) O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind? (ii) Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought. (iii) Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world. — Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dw³|

(d) Keats — †ivgvw›UK avivi Ab¨Zg Kwe John Keats| wZwb †mŠ›`‡h©i Kwe ev Poet of beauty Ges Bw›`ªqm¤ú„³Zvi Kwe ev Poet of sensuousness bv‡g cwiwPZ| wZwb †ckvq GKRb Wv³vi wQ‡jb (Man of medicine)| wZwb gvÎ 26 eQi eq‡m h²v    (tuberculosis) †iv‡M AvµvšÍ  n‡q BZvwji †iv‡g gviv hvb| Zuvi weL¨vZ `ywU jvBb nj: (i) A thing of beauty is a joy forever. (ii) Beauty is truth, truth beauty.

2. Who among the following writers is not a Nobel Laureate?

A. T. S. Eliot	Ans: C   B. Toni Morrison
C. Grahame Greene	D. William Faulkner

e¨vL¨v:

(a) T. S. Eliot — received Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948.

(b) Toni Morrison — won Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993.

(c) Grahame Greene — did not receive.

(d) William Faulkner — got Nobel Prize in Literature in 1949.

3. The play ‘Arms and the Man’ is by ---

A. James Joyce	Ans: D   B. Samuel Beckett
C. Arthur Miller	D. George Bernard Shaw

e¨vL¨v:

(a) James Joyce (1882-1941) — Avqvij¨v‡Ûi cÖL¨vZ Kwe I Jcb¨vwmK| Zuv‡K wesk kZvãxi avant-garde avivi Ab¨Zg cÖfvekvjx ‡jLK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| wZwb Zuvi Dcb¨v‡m Stream of Consciousness[1]  ev ˆPZb¨cÖevn ixwZ e¨env‡ii Rb¨ cÖwm×| ·   A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man*** ·   Ulysses***  ·   Finnegans Wake ·   Dubliners Zuvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm|

(b) Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) — cÖL¨vZ AvBwik avant-garde avivi Jcb¨vwmK, bvU¨Kvi, bvU¨cwiPvjK, Kwe I Awf‡bZv| wZwb †kl eq‡m c¨vwi‡m emevm K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Waiting for Godot bvgK Absurd bvU‡Ki Rb¨ 1969 mv‡j mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| GQvov The End Game Zuvi Av‡iKwU Abe`¨ bvUK|

(c) Arthur Miller (1915-2005) — cÖL¨vZ gvwK©b bvU¨Kvi I cÖvewÜK| All My Sons  I Death of a Salesman Zuvi Abe`¨ bvUK|

(d) George Bernard Shaw — AvaywbK Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i RbK e‡j L¨vZ| ·      Man and Superman (comedy)*** (38th BCS) ·      Arms and the Man *** ·      Caesar and Cleopatra  *** ·      You Never Can Tell ·      Candida Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvUK|

4. The ‘climax’ of a plot is what happens ---

A. in the beginning	Ans: C   B. at the end
C. at the height	D. in the confrontation

e¨vL¨v: Climax — the high point in the action of a story.

Climax             Rising action                   Falling action Crisis                                    Resolution

5. ‘Othello’ is a Shakespeare’s play about –

A. A Jew	Ans: D   B. A Roman
C. A Turk	D. A Moor

e¨vL¨v:

(a) A Jew — ‡lvok kZ‡K BZvwji †fwb‡m emevmKvix A¨v‡›UvwbI bv‡gi GK e¨emvqx kvBjK bv‡gi GK Bû`x (Jew) gnvR‡bi wbKU ‡_‡K UvKv avi K‡i Zv mgqgZ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| GRb¨ kvBjK Pzw³ Abyhvqx A¨v‡›UvwbIi kixi †_‡K GK cvDÛ gvsk `vwe K‡i| cyiæl AvBbRxexi iƒc avibKvix ‡cvwk©qv kvBjK‡K Zvi g‡°‡ji kixi †_‡K GK cvDÛ gvsk †K‡U wb‡Z e‡j wKš‘ †Kvb i³cvZ NUv‡bv hv‡e bv e‡j ûwkqvix D”PviY K‡i †h‡nZz Zv Pzw³c‡Î D‡jøL wQj bv|

(b) — Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra  I  Coriolanus bvUK wZbwU †ivgvb BwZnvm‡K †K›`ª K‡i iwPZ| Ugvm b_© (Thomas North) KZ©„K Bs‡iwR‡Z Ab~w`Z cøyUv‡K©i (Plutarch) †ivgvb BwZnvm †_‡K Dcv`vb wb‡q †k·wcqvi Gme bvUK iPbv K‡ib|

(d) A Moor — I‡_‡jv bvgK GK gyi (Moor) ‡fwb‡mi wm‡b‡Ui eªvevbwkI‡qi Kb¨v †WmwWgbv‡K cvwj‡q we‡q K‡i| B‡Zvc~‡e© †WmwWgbv I‡_‡jvi ˆmwbK Rxe‡bi †ivgvÂKi Kvwnbx ï‡b Zvi †cÖ‡g c‡o| wKš‘ GB I‡_‡jvB †kl ch©šÍ Zvi wcÖqZgv‡K Bqv‡Mvi cÖ‡ivPbvq Cl©vwš^Z n‡q nZ¨v K‡i| bvU‡Ki †k‡l wbnZ †WmwWgbv wb‡`©vl cÖgvwbZ nIqvq I‡_‡jv AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i|

6. The poem ‘Isle of Innisfree’ is written by ----

A. Dylan Thomas	Ans: D   B. Ezra Pound
C. W. H. Auden	D. W. B. Yeats

e¨vL¨v:

(a) Dylan Thomas (1914-1953) — cÖL¨vZ I‡qjk (AvaywbK) Kwe I †jLK| A Refusal To Mourn The Death, Fern Hill Zuvi Abe`¨ KweZv|

(b) Ezra Pound — AvaywbK hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg Kwe I mvwnwZ¨K| Zuvi cÖc “Make it new”- Gi Dci wfwË K‡i Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ AvaywbKZvev‡`i m~ÎcvZ N‡U|

(c) W. H. Auden (1907-1973) — cÖL¨vZ weªwUk-Av‡gwiKvb Kwe| wZwb hy³iv‡R¨ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib, Av‡gwiKvi bvMwiKZ¡ jvf K‡ib Ges Aw÷ªqvi wf‡qbvq g„Zy¨eiY K‡ib| wZwb nZvkvev`x I AvaywbK hy‡Mi Anti-Romantic Kwe| ‘Stop all the Clocks, Lullaby, In Memory of W. B. Yeats, September 1st, 1939 Zuvi Abe`¨ KweZv|

(d) W. B. Yeats — AvaywbK hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg Kwe| ·   The Second Coming ·   Easter 1916 ·   The Lake Isle of Innisfree ·   Sailing to Byzantium ·   Prayer for My Daughter Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KweZv|

7. Riders to the Sea is ---

A. an epic poem	Ans: C   B. a novella
C. a one-act play	D. a theatrical adaptation of a poem

e¨vL¨v:

John Millington Synge wrote the one-act play Riders to the Sea.

(a) an epic poem — gnvKve¨|

(b) a novella — n«¯^ ˆ`‡N©¨i Dcb¨vm‡K Aby-Dcb¨vm ev Bs‡iwR‡Z novella ejv n‡q _v‡K| Aby-Dcb¨vm †QvUM‡íi Zzjbvq eo wKš‘ Dcb¨v‡mi †P‡q †QvU|

(c) a one-act play — GKvw¼Kv|

8. Which of the following writer belongs to the Elizabethan period?

A. Christopher Marlowe	Ans: C   B. Alexander Pope
C. John Dryden	D. Samuel Beckett

e¨vL¨v:

(a) Christopher Marlowe belongs to the Elizabethan Period (1558-1603).

(b) Alexander Pope belongs to the Augustan Period (1700-1750).

(c) John Dryden belongs to the Restoration Period (1660-1700).

(d) Samuel Becket belongs to the Modern Period (1901-1939/45).

9. “To be, or not be, that is the question”- is a famous dialogue from —

A. Othello	Ans: C   B. Romeo and Juliet
C. Hamlet	D. Macbeth

e¨vL¨v:

(a) Quotations from Othello: (i) O, beware, my lord, of jealousy; It is the green-ey’d monster, … (ii) But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve For daws to peck at: I am not what I am.

(b) Quotations from Romeo and Juliet:  (i) Good Night, Good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow, that I shall say good night till it be morrow

(c) Quotations from Hamlet: (i) To be, or not be, that is the question (ii) Frailty, thy name is woman. (iii) I’ll speak daggers to her, but use none.

(d) Quotations from Macbeth: (i) Life ... is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. (ii) Fair is foul, and foul is fair. (iii) There’s daggers in men’s smiles. (iv) All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.

10. Find the odd-man-out ---

A. George Eliot	Ans: A   B. Thomas Hardy
C. Joseph Conrad	D. James Joyce

e¨vL¨v:

Among the four options, George Eliot is the only female writer. Secondly, only she belongs to the Victorian Period.

(a) George Eliot (1819-1880) belongs to the Victorian Period.

(b) Thomas Hardy (1840-1920) belongs to the Modern Period.

(c) Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) belongs to the Modern Period. (d) James Joyce (1882-1941) belongs to the Modern Period.

11. Find the odd-man-out ---

A. The Bluest Eye	Ans: C   B. Sula
C. As I Lay Dying	D. A Mercy

e¨vL¨v:

(a) The American Nobel Laureate William Faulkner wrote As I Lay Dying while the other three literary pieces in the options were written by Toni Morrison.

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[1] m‡PZb g‡bi fvebvi cÖevn‡K ejv nq Stream of consciousness.