William Shakespeare (DBwjqvg
†k·wcqvi) (1564-1616)
Bsj¨v‡Ûi RvZxq Kwe, wewkó bvU¨Kvi (mostly
known for his plays) William Shakespeare 23 April gZvšÍ‡i 26 April 1564 mv‡j Avon b`x
ZxieZ©x Stratford- G Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi evev John Shakespeare
GKRb ¯^”Qj †gvRv e¨emvqx wQ‡jb| wZwb 18
eQi eq‡m Anne Hathaway †K
we‡q K‡ib| Shakespeare
GKRb L¨vZbvgv Awf‡bZv I bvU¨Kvi wn‡m‡e jÛ‡b Kg©Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| wZwb Lord
Chamberlains Men bvgK
bvU¨‡Kv¤úvbxi Askx`vi wQ‡jb| G †Kv¤úvbxi Aaxb The Globe
Theatre ‡m mgq A‡bK bvg K‡iwQj|
Shakespeare
Bsj¨v‡Ûi RvZxq Kwe QvovI Bard of Avon bv‡g cwiwPZ| GQvov wZwb Ôpoet of human nature’ bv‡gI L¨vZ| Alfred Tennyson Zv‡K ÔDazzling Sun’ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| wZwb Bs‡iwR bvU‡Ki RbK (father
of English Drama)| Zuvi bvgvbymv‡i
Bs‡iwR m‡b‡Ui bvgKiY Kiv nq Shakespearen sonnet| wZwb
37wU bvUK, 154wU m‡bU, 2wU eY©bvag©x KweZv (narrative poems), 2wU mgvwawjwc (epitaph) Ges †ek wKQz KweZv iPbv K‡i‡Qb| aviYv Kiv nq Zuvi cÖ_g bvUK Henry-VI,
Part-II †hUv GKwU HwZnvwmK bvUK| G bvUKwU
1590-1591 mv‡j Qvcv I g¯’ nq| The Tempest nj Zvi †jLv †kl bvUK (Swan Song, 1613)|
Shakespeare’s Epitaph (mgvwawjwc)
Good
friend, for Jesus’ sake forebeare
To digg the dust enclosed heare;
Bleste be the man that spares thes stones,
And curst be he that moves my bones.
To digg the dust enclosed heare;
Bleste be the man that spares thes stones,
And curst be he that moves my bones.
†k·wcqvi
23 GwcÖj 1616 wLª÷v‡ã Stratford
upon Avon G g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
†k·wcqv‡ii bvUKt †kÖwYweb¨vmMZ RwUjZv I Ab¨vb¨
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ
bvU‡Ki mgqKvj, cÖK…Z msL¨v, †kÖwYweb¨vm cÖf…wZ wb‡q gZcv_©‡K¨i AšÍ †bB| cÖ_‡gB
Avmv hvK mgqKvj cÖm‡½| †k·wcqvi cwÛZ I †k·wcqvi wel‡q AvMÖnx †ewkifvM M‡elKB
†k·wcqv‡ii bvU‡Ki iPbvKvj wel‡q my¯úó †Kvb aviYv w`‡Z cv‡ib wb| †Kbbv
‡k·wcqv‡ii mg‡q mywbw`©ó †Kvb Z_¨fvÛvi msiÿY Kiv nq wb| Z‡e †ewkifvM M‡elKB
wek¦vm K‡ib †nbix `¨ wm·_, cvU© Uz †k·wcqvi iwPZ cÖ_g bvUK hv 1591 mv‡j iPbv
Kiv n‡qwQj| GwU GKwU HwZnvwmK bvUK| †Kvb bvUKwU me‡k‡l iPbv Kiv n‡qwQj - G
wb‡qI we¯Íi weev` i‡q‡Q| Z‡e †ewkifvM M‡el‡Ki wek¦vm `¨ †Ug‡c÷ (So) †k·wcqvi
iwPZ me©‡kl bvUK| bvUKwUi iPbvKvj g‡b Kiv nq 1610 wKsev 1611 wLª÷vã| Z‡e †KD
†KD g‡b K‡ib †k·wcqvi iwPZ me©‡kl bvUK n‡jv The Two Noble Kinsmen †hwU wZwb John
Fletcher Gi mv‡_ iPbv K‡ib| bvUKwUi cøU wRI‡d« Pmvi iwPZ The
Canterbury Tales Mí msKj‡bi The Knight's Tale kxl©K Mí †_‡K
†bqv|
Gevi Avmv hvK
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ bvU‡Ki msL¨v wb‡q we‡iva cÖm‡½| ‡Kvb †Kvb M‡el‡Ki g‡Z †k·wcqvi
iwPZ bvU‡Ki msL¨v 37; Avevi ‡KD ‡KD g‡b K‡ib G msL¨v 38| Z‡e †ewkifvM M‡elK gZ
cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb †k·wcqvi iwPZ bvU‡Ki msL¨v 37| Aek¨ 1623 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g dwjI‡Z
36wU bvUK wQj| †k·wcqvi G dwjI‡Z AšÍf©y³ bvUKmgy‡ni g‡a¨ Kgc‡ÿ 4wU Ab¨ ‡Kvb
mn‡hvMx †jL‡Ki mv‡_ iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| †hgb Pericles, Prince of Tyre bvUKwUi mn‡hvMx
iPwqZv wQ‡jb George Wilkins| Abyiƒcfv‡e, The
Two Noble Kinsmen I
Cardenio
bvUK `ywUi mn‡hvMx iPwqZv John Fletcher, Ges Love’s Labour’s Won bvUKwUi mn‡hvMx
iPwqZv wQ‡jb ‡k·wcqv‡ii mgmvgwqK Ab¨ †Kvb bvU¨Kvi|
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ
bvU‡Ki †kÖwYweb¨vm wb‡qI i‡q‡Q e¨vcK gZcv_©K¨| 1623 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ cÖ_g dwjI‡Z
AšÍ©fz³ bvUKmgyn‡K wZbwU †kÖwY‡Z web¨¯Í Kiv n‡qwQj| h_vt (K) Uª¨v‡RwW bvUK (L)
HwZnvwmK bvUK (M) K‡gwW bvUK| Z‡e AvaywbK M‡elK‡`i g‡Z ‡k·wcqvi iwPZ bvUK¸‡jv‡K
wbw`©ó †Kvb †kÖwY‡Z web¨¯Í Kiv mwZ¨B `yiƒn e¨vcvi| †Kbbv bvUK¸‡jv‡Z GKvwaK g~j
†kÖwYi ˆewkó¨mgyn Dcw¯’Z| †hgb The Merchant of Venice bvUKwU K‡gwW
bvUK n‡jI G‡Z U¨vwRK Dcv`vb †bB - GK_v ejv hv‡e bv| bvUKwUi kvBjK PwiÎwU‡Z
U¨vwRK wn‡ivi A‡bK ˆewkó¨ we`¨gvb| GRb¨ ‡k·wcqvi iwPZ bvU‡Ki cÖPwjZ wZbwU †kÖwYweb¨vm
h_vt (K) Uª¨v‡RwW bvUK (L) HwZnvwmK bvUK (M) K‡gwW bvUK ev‡`I KZK¸‡jv Dc-‡kÖwY
i‡q‡Q| G Dc-‡kÖwYi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q (1) U¨vwR-K‡gwW (2) †ivgvb bvUK (3) †ivgvÝagx©
bvUK (4) cÖe‡jg †cø cÖf…wZ|
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ
HwZnvwmK bvUK¸‡jv mbv³ Kiv RwUj bq| Zuvi †ewkifvM HwZnvwmK bvUK¸‡jv ga¨hy‡Mi
Bs‡iR ivRv‡`i BwZnvm wb‡q iwPZ| Aek¨ wKQz †ivgvb HwZnvwmK bvUKI i‡q‡Q| †hgbt Julius
Caesar, Coriolanus Ges Antony and Cleopatra|
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ
Uª¨v‡RwW‡Z †K›`ªxq Pwi‡Îi Dci me©vwaK ¸iZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq| †K›`ªxq PwiÎ, Uª¨vwRK
wn‡iv bv‡g cwiwPZ, A¨vwi‡÷vUwjqvb g‡W‡ji gnr †Kvb PwiÎ| G gnr Pwi‡Îi Kgc‡ÿ GKwU
ÎæwUi Kvi‡Y Zvi cZb Awbevh©| Aek¨ ‡k·wcqvi iwPZ Uª¨v‡RwW‡Z GKvwaK Uª¨vwRK wn‡iv
_vK‡Z cv‡i| †hgbt Romeo and Juliet|
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ
K‡gwW‡Z Uª¨v‡RwWi b¨vq GKK †Kvb PwiÎ we‡k‡li Dci GK”QÎ ¸iƒZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq bv;
eis †ek K‡qKwU Pwi·K †K›`ª K‡i we‡klZ GK ev GKvwaK †cÖwgK hyM‡ji M‡íi wfwˇZ G
ai‡bi bvU‡Ki NUbvcÖevn AvewZ©Z nq| Uª¨vwR-K‡gwW bvUK c~Y©v½ Uª¨v‡RwWI bq Avevi
K‡gwWI bq; eis G ai‡bi bvU‡K Dfq bvU‡Ki ˆewkó¨ we`¨gvb| Cymbeline,
The Merchant of Venice, The Winter’s Tale G ai‡bi bvUK| D`vniY¯^iƒc The
Merchant of Venice bvUKwUi MVb K‡gwW bvU‡Ki Abyiƒc, wKš‘ Gi GKwU Ab¨Zg PwiÎ
kvBjK Uª¨vwRK| bvUKwUi mš‘wóKi mgvwß NU‡jI kvBj‡Ki e¨v_vq Avgiv e¨w_Z bv n‡q
cvwi bv| bvUKwUi mgvwß cy‡ivcywi myLKiI bq Avevi KóKiI bq| myZivs GwU GKwU
Uª¨vwR-K‡gwW| cÖe‡jg †cø bvgK †k·wcqv‡ii AviI GK ai‡bi bvUK i‡q‡Q| biI‡qi
bvU¨Kvi †nbwiK Be‡mb G ai‡bi bvgKi‡Yi cÖe³v| hv‡nvK G ai‡bi bvU‡Ki †K›`ªxq PwiÎ
ev bvqK Uª¨vwRKI bq Avevi KwgKI bq; eis mgmvgwqK mgv‡Ri †Kvb msK‡Ui cÖwZiƒcK| G
ai‡bi bvU‡Ki mgvwß cy‡ivcywi myLKiI bq Avevi KóKiI bq| All’s
Well that Ends Well, Measure for Measure, The Merchant of Venice, Timon of
Athens, Troilus and Cressida, The Winter’s Tale G ai‡bi bvUK|
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ
wKQz bvUK‡K †ivgvÝagx© bvUK ejv nq| G¸‡jv‡K Uª¨vwR-K‡gwWI ejv nq| Pericles,
Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, The Tempest G ai‡bi bvUK| G ai‡bi bvU‡Ki we‡kl
ˆewkó¨ n‡jv Avb›`-welv‡`i hyMcr Dcw¯’wZ, AwZcÖvK…wZK wel‡qi Dcw¯’wZ, my`~i
AZx‡Zi †Kvb Ø›Ø ev AwePv‡ii ¯^w¯Í`vqK wb®úwË BZ¨vw`|
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ
wKQz bvUK gv¯‹ bvUK bv‡gI cwiwPZ| Henry VIII, A Midsummer
Night’s Dream, Romeo and Juliet, The Tempest G ai‡bi bvUK| ivRmfvq AbywôZ
bvP, Mvb, myi, m½xZ, Awfbq K‡i Mí ejv cÖf…wZ G ai‡bi bvU‡Ki ˆewkó¨|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡gwW bvUK
The Comedy
of Errors (åvwšÍ wejvm)
|
Much Ado About
Nothing
|
Two Gentlemen of Verona
|
Prince of Tyre
|
Love’s Labours
Lost
|
Taming of the
Shrew
|
The Merry
Wives of Windsor
|
The Tempest
|
The Merchant
of Venice
|
Winter’s Tale
|
A Midsummer
Night’s Dream
|
Two Gentlemen
of Verona
|
Cymbeline
|
Twelfth
Night/What You Will
|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨
Uª¨v‡RwW bvUK
Antony and
Cleopatra
|
Macbeth
|
Coriolanus
|
Othello
|
Julius Caesar
|
Romeo and
Juliet
|
Hamlet
|
Timon of
Athens
|
King Lear
|
Titus
Andronicus
|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨
Uª¨vwR-K‡gwW bvUK
The
Merchant of Venice
|
Measure for
Measure
|
The
Tempest
|
The Winter’s
Tale
|
Cymbeline
|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨
BwZnvm AvwkÖZ bvUK
Henry IV: part
1
|
Henry IV: part
2
|
Henry V
|
Henry VI: part
1
|
Henry VI:Part
2
|
Henry
VI: part 3
|
Henry VIII
|
King John
|
Richard II
|
Richard
III
|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨
‡ivgvb BwZnvm AvwkÖZ bvUK
cøyUvK© bvgK GKRb wewkó BwZnvm‡eËv †ivgvb fvlvq †iv‡gi
BwZnvm iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| †k·wcqvi †ivgvb fvlv Rvb‡Zb bv| Ugvm b_© cøyUvK© iwPZ
†ivgvb BwZnvm Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib| †k·wcqvi Ugvm b_© Abyw`Z †ivgvb BwZnvm
cvV K‡ib Ges †iv‡gi BwZnv‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i KwZcq Uª¨v‡RwW bvUK iPbv K‡ib †h¸‡jv
†ivgvb BwZnvm AvwkÖZ bvUK bv‡g cwiwPZ|
|
|
Julius Caesar
|
Coriolanus
|
Antony and Cleopatra
|
|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ‡ivgvÝagx© bvUK
Measure for Measure
|
The Tempest
|
The
Winter’s Tale
|
The Merchant
of Venice
|
All’s
Well That Ends Well
|
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KweZv
Venus and Adonis
|
The Rape of
Lucrece
|
A
Lover’s Complaint
|
Funeral Elegy
by W. S.
|
†k·wcq‡ii mgv‡jvPKe„›`
Dr. Samuel Johnson
|
John Dryden[1]
|
S.
T. Coleridge
|
William
Hazlitt
|
A.C. Bradley
|
T. S. Eliot
|
†k·wcqi m¤úwK©Z Aby‡jøL¨
welqvw`
wZwb 154wU m‡bU
wj‡L‡Qb|
|
The Dark Lady I the Fair Youth Gi †`Lv †g‡j Zuvi iPbvq|
|
Zuvi †ewkifvM
bvUK I m‡bU AwgÎvÿi Q‡›` (blank verse) iwPZ|
|
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ
me©v‡cÿv eo (`xN©) bvUK n¨vg‡jU|
|
n¨vg‡jU k‡ãi
A_© ÿz`ª MÖvg|
|
Shakespeare
holds mirror to human nature.
|
Shylok
in The Merchant of Venice looks
tragic.
|
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ bvUK 5 A¼ wewkó (Five
Acts)|
|
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ bvU‡Ki Z…Zxq A‡¼ climax N‡U|
|
‡k·wcqvi iwPZ m‡b‡Ui Q›` web¨vm
(rhyme scheme) n‡jv ABAB CDCD EFEF GG| G‡Z 4 jvB‡bi (quatrain) wZbwU Ges 2 jvB‡bi (couplet) GKwU ce©/fvM _v‡K|
|
Hamlet (Kvwnbx
ms‡ÿc)t †Wbgv‡K©i ivRcyÎ n¨vg‡jU
D‡UbevM© wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨qbKv‡j Rvb‡Z cv‡ib Zvi evevi g„Zz¨i K_v| Zvi PvPv
K¬wWqvm g~jZ n¨vg‡j‡Ui evev wmwbqi n¨vg‡jU‡K wel cÖ‡qv‡M nZ¨v K‡ib Ges ivYx
MviUªyW‡K we‡q K‡ib| n¨vg‡jU wcZ…nZ¨vi cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z `„p cÖwZÁ| wKš‘ wZwb
†Kvbfv‡eB wbwðZ n‡Z cvi‡Qb bv †K Zvi evevi cÖK…Z nZ¨vKvix| Dciš‘ Zvi a¨vbx
¯^fve I †hŠw³K g‡bvfve Zvi cÖwZ‡kvaKvh©‡K cÖjw¤^Z K‡i| hv‡nvK, bvUKwU
n¨vg‡jUmn A‡b‡Ki nZ¨vKv‡Ûi g‡a¨ w`‡q †kl nq|
|
Macbeth
(Kvwnbx
ms‡ÿc)t D”PvKvw•ÿZ ¯‹wUk †Rbv‡ij (Scottish
General) g¨vK‡e_ Zvi ¯¿xi cÖ‡ivPbvq
¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi ivRv WvbKvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i ¯‹Uj¨v‡Ûi ÿgZv `Lj K‡i| D”PvKv•Lv, ¯¿xi
cÖ‡ivPbv Ges m‡e©vcwi ivRv‡K nZ¨vi b¨vq nVKvix wm×všÍ Zvi cZb †W‡K Av‡b|
|
Othello
(Kvwnbx
ms‡ÿc)t I‡_‡jv bvgK GK gyi (Moor)
‡fwb‡mi wm‡b‡Ui eªvevbwkI‡qi Kb¨v
†WmwWgbv‡K cvwj‡q we‡q K‡i| B‡Zvc~‡e© †WmwWgbv I‡_‡jvi ˆmwbK Rxe‡bi †ivgvÂKi
Kvwnbx ï‡b Zvi †cÖ‡g c‡o| wKš‘ GB I‡_‡jvB †kl ch©šÍ Zvi wcÖqZgv‡K Bqv‡Mvi
cÖ‡ivPbvq Cl©vwY¦Z n‡q nZ¨v K‡i| bvU‡Ki †k‡l wbnZ †WmwWgbv wb‡`©vl cÖgvwbZ
nIqvq I‡_‡jv AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i|
|
King
Lear (Kvwnbx
ms‡ÿc)t Bsj¨v‡Ûi AkxwZci ivRv wjqvi Zuvi ivR¨‡K wZb Kb¨v M‡bwij,
wiM¨vb I K‡W©wjqvi g‡a¨ fvM K‡i †`qvi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib| wKš‘ Zvi Av‡M wZwb
Rvb‡Z Pvb Zv‡K †K KZUzKz fvjev‡m| eo I †g‡Rv Kb¨v fvjevmvi AwMœ cixÿvq DËxY©
n‡q Zv‡`i fv‡Mi Ask ey‡S †bq| †QvU Kb¨v K‡W©wjqv Zvi evevi cÖwZ evwn¨K
fv‡jvevmvi ewn:cÖKvk NUv‡Z AcivMZv cÖKvk K‡ib| G‡Z ivRv wÿß n‡q Zv‡K Zvi m¤úwË
†_‡K ewÂZ K‡ib| hv‡nvK ivRvi G nVKvix wm×všÍB cieZx©‡Z Zvi cZb †W‡K Av‡b|
we‡klZ †QvU Kb¨v K‡W©wjqvi AcÖZ¨vwkZ g„Zz¨ cvVK ü`q Qzu‡q hvq|
|
The
Merchant of Venice (Kvwnbx
ms‡ÿc)t ‡lvok kZ‡K BZvwji †fwb‡m
emevmKvix A¨v‡›UvwbI bv‡gi GK e¨emvqx kvBjK bv‡gi GK Bû`x (Jew)
gnvR‡bi wbKU n‡Z UvKv avi K‡i Zv
mgqgZ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| GRb¨ kvBjK Pzw³ Abyhvqx A¨v‡›UvwbIi kixi †_‡K GK
cvDÛ gvsk `vwe K‡i| cyiæl AvBbRxexi iƒc avibKvix ‡cvwk©qv kvBjK‡K Zvi g‡°‡ji
kixi †_‡K GK cvDÛ gvsk †K‡U wb‡Z e‡j wKš‘ †Kvb i³cvZ NUv‡bv hv‡e bv e‡j
ûwkqvix D”PviY K‡i †h‡nZz Zv Pzw³c‡Î D‡jøL wQjbv|
|
Julius
Caesar (Kvwnbx
ms‡ÿc)t Rzwjqvm wmRvi bvU‡Ki gzL¨ PwiÎ wmRvi, eÖzUvm Ges A¨v‡›Uvwb| †iv‡gi
†bZv Rzwjqvm wmRvi hz× Rq K‡i †`‡k wd‡i‡Qb| Pviw`‡K Drme, wmRviI Drm‡e †hvM
w`‡Z P‡j‡Qb| m‡½ eÜz A¨v‡›Uvwb| nVvr c‡_i gv‡S GK ‡RvwZlx GwM‡q G‡m wmRvi‡K
e‡jb, AvMvgx 15 gvP© Avcbvi mZK© _vKvi w`b| wmRvi ‡RvwZlxi K_vq ¸iæZ¡ †`b bv|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ †`‡ki GK`j gvbzl wmRv‡ii µgea©gvb L¨vwZ I †MŠie †`‡L †i‡M I‡V| Zviv
wmRv‡ii wcÖq eÜz‡K D‡ËwRZ Ki‡Z _v‡K| wmRv‡ii GB AcÖwZnZ ¶gZv †hgb K‡iB †nvK
Le© Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv GKw`b mevB‡K wmRv‡ii µxZ`vm n‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ eÖzUvm †Kv‡bv
loh‡š¿ †hvM w`‡Z PvBwQ‡jb bv| lohš¿Kvixi `j bvbvfv‡e Zv‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ Ki‡Z _v‡K|
gvbwmK w`K †_‡K `ze©j eÖzUvm †kl ch©šÍ Amnv‡qi g‡Zv lohš¿Kvix‡`i B‡”Qi Kv‡QB
AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡ib| wmRvi‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq|
|
Romeo
and Juliet (Kvwnbx
ms‡ÿc)t ‡k·wcqv‡ii cÖ_g Uª¨v‡RwW †ivwgI I Rzwj‡qU| GwU †ivgvÝ agx©
Uª¨v‡RwW| `zB cÖfvekvjx cwievi g‡›U¸ I K¨vwcD‡jU| wKš‘ `zB cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ ZxeÖ
weev`| K¨vwcD‡jU cwiev‡ii Kb¨v Rzwj‡qU| Aciw`‡K g‡›U¸ cwiev‡ii mšÍvb †ivwgI,
cwiev‡ii mevi †P‡q Avjv`v| GKw`b `zR‡bi †`Lv nq| iƒ‡c gz» `zB ZiæY-ZiæYx
`zR‡bB †cÖ‡gi evua‡b evav c‡o hvq| wKš‘ GB †cÖg †Zv `zB cwiev‡ii †KD ¯^xKvi
K‡iwb| ZvB P‡j †Mvcb Awfmvi| wKš‘ wgj‡bi c‡_ evav G‡m `vuovq| Rzwj‡q‡Ui weevn
w¯’i nq Ab¨ GK RvqMvq| Amnvq Rzwj‡qU Zvi ¸iæ mbœ¨vmxi Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ Pvq †hgb
K‡iB †nvK GB we‡q eÜ Ki‡ZB n‡e| j‡iÝ Zv‡K GK wkwk Ilza †`q| †mB Ilz‡ai Av”Qbœ
cÖfv‡e Mfxi Nz‡g wbgMœ& n‡q co‡e
Rzwj‡qU| g‡b n‡e gviv †M‡Q| †mBfv‡e _vK‡e weqvwjøk NÈv| cwi‡k‡l `yÕR‡bi KiæY
g„Zz¨i ga¨ w`‡q bvU‡Ki mgvwß N‡U|
|
A
Midsummer Night’s Dream (Kvwnbx
ms‡ÿc)t GwU GKwU K‡gwW bvUK| G‡_‡Ýi wWDK w_wmqvm I AvgvRb‡`i ivwb
wn‡àvwjUvi weev‡ni cvwicvwk¦©K NUbv Aej¤^‡b GB bvUK iwPZ| bvU‡K `yB cÖYqxhyMj
I GK`j ‡kŠwLb Awf‡bZvi
A¨vW‡fÂvi cÖ`wk©Z n‡q‡Q| e‡bi cixiv G‡`i Dci cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i|
|
Measure
for Measure (Kvwnbx
ms‡ÿc)t GwU GKwU cÖe‡jg bvUK| wf‡qbvi m`vkq kvmK wWDK wfb‡mbwmI iv‡R¨i
kvmbfvi KÕw`‡bi Rb¨ A¨v‡Ä‡jvi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡q iv‡R¨i evB‡i †M‡jb| wKš‘ †Mvc‡b
wZwb ivR¨i †LuvR-Lei ivL‡Z jvM‡jb| GK eq¯‹ bvix A¨v‡Ä‡jvi Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM w`‡jv
†h, K¬wWI bv‡gi GK †Q‡j Zvi †g‡q
Rzwj‡qU‡K dzmwj‡q wb‡q wM‡q GK‡Î emevm Ki‡Q| d‡j Mf©eZx n‡q c‡o‡Q Rzwj‡qU| A¨v‡Ä‡jv K¬wWIi
g„Zz¨`Ðv‡`k w`‡jb| K¬wWI Zvi eÜz jywmIi gva¨‡g †evb Bmv‡ejv‡K cvVv‡jv
A¨v‡Ä‡jvi Kv‡Q| A¨v‡Ä‡jv Bmv‡ejvi †KŠgvh© wemR©‡bi k‡Z© fvB‡qi gyw³ w`‡Z ivwR
n‡jv| QÙ‡ekx wWDK wfb‡mbwmI GK_v Rvb‡Z †c‡i Bmv‡ejvi cwie‡Z© A¨v‡Ä‡jvi evM`Ëv
gvwiqvbv‡K A¨v‡Ä‡jvi wbKU cvwV‡q w`‡jv| Ae‡k‡l K¬wWI gyw³ †c‡jv| A¨v‡Ä‡jv I
gvwiqvbv ¯^vgx-¯¿xi b¨vq emevm Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| Bmv‡ejvi m¤§wZ‡Z wWDK wfb‡mbwmI
Zv‡K we‡q K‡ib|
|
As
You Like It (Kvwnbx
ms‡ÿc)t GwU MÖvgxY Ave‡n iwPZ GKwU K‡gwW (c¨v‡÷vivj K‡gwW) bvUK| Ab¨vqfv‡e
ÿgZv `LjKvix PvPv †d«Wwi‡Ki Ab¨vq kvw¯Í Gov‡Z †ivRvwjÛ Zvi PvPvZ †evb
wmwjqv‡K wb‡q Av‡W©‡bi e‡b cvwj‡q hvq| †mLv‡b `vk©wbK R¨vKmn A‡b‡Ki mv‡_
Zv‡`i †`Lv nq| Avi Gfv‡eB GwM‡q hvq bvU‡Ki NUbvcÖevn|
|
The
Tempest (Kvwnbx
ms‡ÿc)t wgjv‡bi wWDK cÖm‡c‡iv I Zvi
Kb¨v wgivÛv‡K wQ`ªvwqZ †bŠKvq wbe©vm‡b cvVv‡bv nq| m`vkq MÄv‡jvi mnvqZvq
wcZv-Kb¨v †m hvÎv †eu‡P hvq| Zviv `~ieZ©x GKwU Øx‡c AvkÖq †bq| mv‡_ _vKv
hv`ywe`¨vi eB †_‡K hv`yKix kw³ e‡j cÖm‡c‡iv Zvi fvB, A‰ea ÿgZv `LjKvix
A¨v‡›UvwbI Ges loh‡š¿ mnvqZvKvix †bcjm&‡mi ivRv Av‡jvb‡mv I Zvi cyÎ
dvwW©b¨vÛ‡K †m Øx‡c Avbqb K‡i| cwi‡k‡l cÖm‡c‡iv Kb¨v wgivÛvi mv‡_ Av‡jvb‡mv
cyÎ dvwW©b¨v‡Ûi we‡qi gva¨‡g G bvU‡Ki mgvwß N‡U|
|
To
be, or not to be--that is the question:
Whether
'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The
slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
Or
to take arms against a sea of troubles
And
by opposing end them. — Hamlet
g~jfvet n¨vg‡j‡Ui wm×všÍnxbZvi ewn:cÖKvk| GKw`‡K wcZ„nZ¨vi Zxeª
cÖwZ‡kva ¯ú„nvq Db¥Ë Ab¨w`‡K cÖwZ‡kva †bqvi †ÿ‡Î djcÖm~ e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Y e¨_©
n¨vg‡jU wm×všÍnxbZvi Ggb GK †`vjvP‡j DcbxZ-†Kvb c_ †e‡Q †bqv DwPZ- Rxeb
(†eu‡P _vKv Ges cÖwZ‡kva MªnY) bv wK g„Zz¨ (AvZ¥nZ¨v) Z_v cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡Yi
e¨_©Zvi Aemvb| n¨vg‡jU AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡e e‡j gbw¯’i K‡i| †m GB †f‡e we¯§qvwef‚Z
nq-gvbyl †Kb Aek¨¤¢vex I kvwšÍc~Y© g„Zz¨‡K Avwj½b bv K‡i GK nZvkve¨ÄK Rxeb
wb‡q †eu‡P _vK‡Z Pvq| Ae‡k‡l †m GB wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nq- Avm‡j g„Zz¨i c‡ii ARvbv
fxwZi Avk¼vB gvbyl‡K G `ywbqvi hveZxq hvZbv-welv` †g‡b wb‡Z eva¨ K‡i|
|
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and
to-morrow…
Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player, That struts and frets his hour upon the stage, And then is heard no more. It is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. — Macbeth
g~jfvet Rxe‡bi
GK KwVb ev¯ÍeZvq DcbxZ g¨vK‡e_| ¯¿xi g„Zy¨i msev`I Zvi wbKU †Kvb D‡jøL‡hvM¨
e¨vcvi bq| Zvi K‡Ú aŸwbZ nq nZvkvi aŸwb| GK evM¥x `vk©wb‡Ki b¨vq wZwb AvIov‡Z
_v‡Kb GK gg©¯úk©x Rxeb `k©b| Zvi g‡Z f‡ei GB bvU¨kvjvq Rxeb †Kvb GK bvU‡Ki
m`„k| MZKvj ev AvMvgxKvj- meB mgvb I MZvbyMwZK| Gi we‡kl †Kvb A_© †bB|
|
All
the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and their entrances, And one man in his time plays many parts, His acts being seven ages — As You Like It
g~jfvet As
You Like It bvU‡Ki
†gjvb‡Kvwj R¨vK G aiv‡K bvU¨g‡Âi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Q| Avi gvbe Rxeb‡K Zzjbv
K‡i‡Q bvU‡Ki mv‡_| Zuvi g‡Z, gvbe Rxe‡bi mvZwU ch©vq i‡q‡Q| A_©vr gvbyl mgMÖ
Rxe‡b mvZR‡bi f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| h_vt wkï, ¯‹zjevjK, †cÖwgK, ˆmwbK, wePviK,
‡jvfx Ges g„Zz¨i cÖni †MvYv e‡qvte„× (infant, schoolboy,
lover, soldier, justice, Pantalone and old age, facing imminent death) |
|
“Cowards die many
times before their deaths, The valiant never taste of death but once.” — Julius
Caesar
g~jfvet Av‡Mi iv‡Z wmRv‡ii ¯¿x K¨vjc~wY©qv ¯^‡cœ Zuvi ¯^vgx‡K nZ¨v
Ki‡Z †`‡L‡Q| B‡Zvc~‡e© †R¨vwZlxI wmRvi‡K mveav‡b _vK‡Z e‡j‡Q| wKš‘ wmRvi
g„Zz¨ f‡q †gv‡UB fxZ bq| Zuvi g‡Z GKgvÎ Kvcyiæ‡livB g„Zz¨‡K fq cvq|
|
I am
a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands,
organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions; fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, heal’d by the same means, warm’d and cool’d by the same winter — The Merchant of Venice
g~jfvet Bûw` kvBj‡Ki Kb¨v abm¤ú` wb‡q GK wLª÷vb hye‡Ki nvZ a‡i
cvwj‡q †M‡Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ AviI `yB wLª÷vb †jvK kvBjK‡K gkKiv”Q‡j e‡j A¨v‡›UvwbI
(wLª÷vb) ‡h UvKv avi wb‡q‡Q Zv hw` cwi‡kva bv Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvn‡j kvBjK wK mwZ¨B
A¨v‡›UvwbIi kixi †_‡K GK cvDÛ gvsk †K‡U wb‡e| ZLb kvBjK G Dw³i gva¨‡g cÖkœ †i‡L Ges mwe¯Ív‡i e¨vL¨v
K‡i e‡j‡Q †h, Ab¨ mevi b¨vq GKRb Bûw`i
cÖwZ‡kva¯ú„nvI cÖK…wZMZ|
|
DBwjqvg †k·wcqv‡ii Dw³
Hamlet
|
|
1.
|
To
be or not to be, that is question. (n¨vg‡j‡Ui gvbwmK Ø›Ø Ae¯’v wb‡`©kK|)
|
2.
|
‘When
sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions.
(`ytL GKvwK
Av‡m bv, `j‡eu‡a Av‡m|)
|
3.
|
***Frailty, thy name is woman! (35th BCS) (Aejv hvi bvg, †m n‡jv bvix|)
|
4.
|
*Brevity
(mswÿßZv) is the soul of wit. (im‡ev‡ai cÖvY n‡jv mswÿßZv|)
|
5.
|
Listen
to many, speak to a few. (ïb‡Z nq †ewk, ej‡Z nq Kg|)
|
6.
|
*I
will speak daggers to her, but use none. (weÿzä n¨vg‡jU Zvi gv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡j‡Q, Ò‡m Zvi gv‡K
K_vi ev‡Y RR©wiZ Ki‡e, wKš‘ Nv‡qj Ki‡e bv|Ó)
|
Macbeth
|
|
1.
|
*Fair
is foul, and foul is fair. (wZb †cZœxi weåvwšÍKi Dw³, Òfv‡jvB Lvivc, LvivcB
fv‡jv| m¤¢eZ eySv‡Z †P‡q‡Q, fv‡jvi c‡i/gv‡S Lvivc Av‡Q Ges Lviv‡ci c‡i/gv‡S
fv‡jv Av‡Q|)
|
2.
|
**All
the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. (‡jwW g¨vK‡e‡_i nv‡Z †j‡M _vKv
Ly‡bi i³ †Kvb wKQz‡ZB `~ixf~Z n‡e bv, GgbwK Avi‡ei `vwg myMwÜ mgvnvi gvL‡jI
Zvi nvZ †_‡K i‡³i MÜ hv‡e bv|)
|
3.
|
There’s daggers in men’s
smiles. (cyiæl‡`i
gy‡L gay, AšÍ‡i wel|)
|
King
Lear
|
|
1.
|
Nothing will come of nothing. (k~Y¨ w`‡q c~Y© nq bv/AKvi‡Y
wKQzB N‡U bv|)
|
2.
|
Have
more than thou showest, speak less than thou knowest, lend less than thou
owest. (hZUzKz
cÖ`k©b Ki Zvi‡P‡q †ewk _vKv DËg, hv Rvbv Av‡Q Zvi‡P‡q Kg ejv fv‡jv, hZUzKz
†`bv Av‡Q Zvi‡P‡q Kg avi †`qv DËg|)
|
Romeo
and Juliet
|
|
1.
|
What’s
in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. (bv‡g wK Av‡m hvq? †Mvjvc‡K
Ab¨ †Kvb bv‡g WvK‡jI Zv wgwó MÜ Qov‡e|)
|
2.
|
Love
is a smoke made with the fume of sighs. (fv‡jvevmv n‡jv K‡ói `xN©k¦v‡m ‰Zwi †auvqv|)
|
As You Like It
|
|
1.
|
The
fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool. (wb‡e©va wb‡R‡K Ávbx fv‡e,
wKš‘ Ávbx e¨w³ wb‡R‡K †evKv Ávb K‡i|)
|
2.
|
All
the world’s stage and all the men and women merely players.
(mgMÖ
wek¦B GKwU bvU¨gÂ, Avi mKj gvbe-gvbex †Kej Awf‡bZv-Awf‡bÎx|)
|
3.
|
*How bitter a thing it is to
look into happiness through another man’s eyes! (A‡b¨i †PvL w`‡q myL Luy‡R †eov‡bv mZ¨B wZ³ AwfÁZv|)
|
The Merchant of Venice
|
|
1.
|
All
that glitters is not gold. (PKPK Ki‡jB †mvbv nq bv|)
|
2.
|
But
love is blind, and lovers cannot see. (fv‡jvevmv AÜ, †cÖwgK-‡cÖwgKv‡`i †Pv‡Li Av‡jvI nvwi‡q
hvq|)
|
3.
|
The devil can cite Scripture
for his purpose. (kqZvb/g›`‡jvK Zvi D‡Ïk¨ mva‡b †h‡Kvb c_ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z cv‡i|)
|
Measure for Measure
|
|
1.
|
The
miserable have no other medicine but only hope. (msmvi mvM‡i `ytL Zi‡½i †Ljv, Avkv Zvi GKgvÎ
†fjv|)
|
2.
|
*Our doubts are traitors, and
make us lose the good we oft might win, by fearing to attempt. (mskqB me©bv‡ki g~j| hv mn‡RB AR©b Kiv †hZ mskq Zv
AR©‡bi c‡_ euvav n‡q `uvovq|)
|
3.
|
Some rise by
sin, and some by virtue fall. (KviI cv‡c DÌvb, KviI c~‡Y¨ cZb|)
|
Julius Caesar
|
|
1.
|
Cowards
die many times before their deaths. (Kvcyiæ‡li cÖK…Z g„Zz¨i Av‡M evi evi g„Zz¨ nq|)
|
Twelfth Night
|
|
1.
|
If
music be the food of love, play on. (m½xZ fv‡jvevmvi Avnvh© n‡j, Zv evRv‡bvB DËg|)
|
2.
|
**Be not afraid of greatness: Some are born
great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. (wekvjZv †`‡L fq cvIqvi wKQz
†bB|
†KD Rb¥m~‡Î eo, ‡KD †Póv K‡i eo nq, Avevi
KvD‡K †Rvi K‡i eo evbv‡bv nq|)
|
Coriolanus
|
|
1.
|
Nature
teaches beasts to know their friends. (cÖK…wZ cï‡`i‡K wkÿv †`q wKfv‡e eÜz wPb‡Z nq|)
|
Troilus and Cressida
|
|
1.
|
The
common curse of mankind, folly and ignorance. (gvbeRvwZi mycwiwPZ Awfkvc n‡jv g~L©Zv I
AÁZv|)
|
DBwjqvg †k·wcqv‡ii AviI wKQz Dw³
|
|
1.
|
Tempt not a
desperate man. — King Richard
III (Amnvq
gvbyl‡K cÖjyä Kiv mgxPxb bq|)
|
2.
|
The better
part of valour is discretion. — Henry IV, Part I (wePviÿgZv mvnwmKZvi DËg Ask|)
|
3.
|
Uneasy lies
the head that wears a crown. (gyKzU civ k³, gyKzU Z¨vM Kiv
AviI k³) — Henry IV, Part II
|
4.
|
Suspicion
always haunts the guilty mind. (†Pv‡ii
gb cywjk cywjk) —
Henry IV, Part III
|
5.
|
Delays have
dangerous ends. (wej‡¤^i
cwibwZ fq¼i nq) — Henry
VI, Part I
|
6.
|
Small things
make base men proud. — Henry VI, Part II (bxPz Rv‡Zi gvbyl mvgvb¨ AMÖMwZ‡Z AnsKvix n‡q I‡V|)
|
7.
|
*Men of few
words are the best men. — King Henry V (Aí
K_vi gvbyl m‡e©vrK…ó gvbyl|)
|
8.
|
Better a witty fool
than a foolish wit. (
nvm¨Ki fuv‡oi †P‡q im‡eva m¤úbœ †evKv gvbyl nIqv fv‡jv|)
|
9.
|
The course of true
love never did run smooth. — A Midsummer Night’s Dream (mwZ¨Kv‡ii fv‡jvevmvi c_
K›UKvKxY©|)
|
10.
|
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s
day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. — Sonnet 18 (MÖx‡®§i †iŠ`ª¾¡j w`‡bi mv‡_ †Zvgvi Zzjbv P‡j bv| Zzwg
Zvi †P‡qI my›`i I g‡bvni|)
|
11.
|
Love all, trust a few, do wrong to
none. —All’s Well That Ends Well (mevB‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z AvcwË †bB, wKš‘ mevB‡K wek¦vm bv
Kiv DËg, Z‡e KviI ÿwZ Ki‡Z gvbv|)
|
12.
|
No legacy is so rich as honesty. (mZZvi †P‡q mg„× †Kvb cvIbv
†bB|)
|
13.
|
An overflow of good converts to bad. (†ewk fv‡jv fv‡jv bv|)
|
14.
|
*The empty vessel makes the
loudest sound.
(Lvwj Kjwm ev‡R
†ewk|)
|
15.
|
False face must hide what the false
heart doth know. (fzqv
e¨w³i g‡b hv Rvbv gy‡L Zv ej‡Z gvbv|)
|
16.
|
What’s done
can’t be undone. (AZxZ ïaiv‡bv hvq bv|)
|
[1]‡k·cxqv‡ii
me‡P‡q K‡Vvi mgv‡jvPK wQ‡jb Rb WªvB‡Wb| wZwb †k·cxqv‡ii ‘The Tempest’ bvUKwU e¨½ K‡i ‘The Enchanted
Island’ bvUKwU wj‡L‡Qb|
[3] A monologue is
a speech spoken to other characters within a play.
No comments:
Post a Comment