The Parts of Speech

The Parts of Speech (c` cÖKiY)

‘The Parts of Speech’ cÖZ¨qwU‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j `ywU Dcv`vb cvIqv hvq, h_v: Part ev Ask  Ges Speech ev evK¨/e³e¨| myZivs Parts of Speech n‡jv ev‡K¨i Askmg~n †h¸‡jv ev‡K¨ Avjv`v Avjv`v KvR K‡i _v‡K| ev‡K¨i G Askmg~n Avm‡j GK GKwU c` (Term)| Ab¨_vq wew”Qbœfv‡e c`¸‡jv GK GKwU kã (Word)| Avgv‡`i Rvbv Av‡Q evK¨ MV‡bi g~j Dcv`vb n‡jv kã| Avevi ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ cÖwZwU kãB GK GKwU c`| myZivs ejv hvq cÖwZwU c`B kã, wKš‘ mKj kãB c` bq| ‡Kvb kã ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ n‡j Zv c‡` iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| †Kvb †Kvb kã ûeû ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi †Kvb †Kvb kã ev‡K¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡j Gi mv‡_ wefw³ †hvM Ki‡Z nq| ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ c‡`i †ÿ‡Î me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv bvg †`‡L bq KvR †`‡L c` wPwýZ Ki‡Z nq| ‡Kbbv GKB c` wfbœ wfbœ ev‡K¨ wfbœ wfbœ A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i ev  wfbœ wfbœ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|

wPivqZ e¨vKi‡Y (Classical Grammar) Parts of Speech 8 cÖKvi| h_v: 

1. Noun (we‡kl¨ c`) 2. Pronoun (me©bvg c`) 3. Adjective (we‡k‡l¨i we‡klY) 4. Verb (wµqv c`)

5. Adverb (wµqv/we‡kl‡Yi we‡klY c`) 6. Preposition (c`vš^qx Ae¨q c`) 7. Conjunction (ms‡hvRK Ae¨q c`) 8. Interjection (we¯§qm~PK Ae¨q c`)

Noun: †h †Kvb bvgevPK (GgbwK Kv‡Ri bvg, ¸‡Yi bvg) kãB Noun|  †hgb:

Nazrul Islam, Rabindranath Tagoor, Shakespeare	e¨w³i bvg
Chair, Table, Computer, House, Door, Window	e¯‘i bvg
Dhaka, Rajshahi, Farmgate, Motijheel, Gulisthan	¯’v‡bi bvg
Truthfulness, Obedience, Loyalty, Patriotism	¸‡Yi bvg
Falshood, Naughtiness, Pride, Jealousy, Greed	‡`v‡li bvg
Removal, Disposal, Entrance, Submission	Kv‡Ri bvg
Elephant, Tiger, Dinosaur, Frog, Snake, Bat	cÖvwYi bvg
Devotion, Superstition, Happiness, Excitement	aviYvi bvg
Independence, War, Championship, Battle	NUbvi bvg

Noun Gi †kÖwYweb¨vm: Bs‡iwR fvlvq we‡kl¨ c‡`i msL¨v me©vwaK| Gi bvbv ai‡bi †kÖwYwefvRb i‡q‡Q| wb‡P we‡kl¨ c‡`i me©vwaK cÖPwjZ †kÖwYweb¨vm wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|

1. Proper [1]Noun: wbw`©ó K‡i GKK †Kvb bvg‡K eySvq| †hgb: 

Dhaka	wbw`©ó kn‡ii bvg|
Kazi Nazrul Islam	wbw`©ó e¨w³i bvg|
Bangabandhu	wbw`©ó e¨w³ A_©vr †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K eySvq|

2. Common Noun (RvwZevPK we‡kl¨ c`): GKB †kÖwYi ev RvwZi mKj e¨w³ ev e¯‘i mvaviY bvg| Proper Noun Gi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ| D`vniY:

River	c„w_exi mKj b`x‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
Country	c„w_exi mKj ‡`k‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
Day	‡h‡Kvb w`b‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|

Common Noun 3 ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| h_v:

(i) Concrete Noun:  Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨ Ges evwn¨K AvKvi-AvK…wZ Av‡Q| †hgb: Chair, Table, Computer, House, Door, Window|

(ii) Abstract Noun (¸YevPK we‡kl¨ c`): Bw›`ªqMÖvn¨ bq wKš‘ Aw¯ÍZ¡ ¯^xKvi Kiv nq| †hgb: Courage, Truthfulness, Obedience, Pride|

(iii) Collective Noun (mgvwóevPK we‡kl¨ c`):  wbw`©ó msL¨K e¨w³ ev   e¯‘‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| †hgb: Army, Class, Cattle, etc. |

Common Noun	Collective Noun	Proper Noun
Human  (gvbeRvwZ)	Army	The Bangladesh Army
Animal	Cattle	Physian Cow

3. Material Noun:  Dcv`v‡bi bvg‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| Material Noun  e¯‘‡K wb‡`©k bv K‡i e¯‘i Dcv`vb‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| D`vniY: Iron, gold, platinum etc. A ship is made of iron.

Common Noun	Material Noun	Proper Noun
Ship	Iron	The Titanic
Watch (Nwo)	Platinum	Titan

Noun Gi Ab¨vb¨ †kÖwYweb¨vm: MYbv‡hvM¨Zv (Countability) Gi Dci wfwË K‡i Noun `yB cÖKvi| h_v: Count Noun I Non-Count Noun|  

(a) Count Noun: G¸‡jv MYbv Kiv hvq| †hgb: Chair, Table, Computer, House, Door, Window|

(b) Non-count Noun: G¸‡jv MYbv Kiv hvq bv| †hgb: Hair, Grass, Truthfulness, Obedience, Pride|

Noun msµvšÍ KwZcq ÁvZe¨ welqvewj:

☞ Proper  Noun ev‡K¨i †hLv‡bB e¨eüZ †nvK bv †Kb Zv capital letter w`‡q ïiæ n‡e|

Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh.	ev‡K¨i ïiæ‡Z|
The capital city of Bangladesh is Dhaka.	ev‡K¨i †k‡l|
400 years ago, Dhaka became the capital of Bangladesh.	ev‡K¨i gv‡S|

☞ Proper  Noun Singular I Plural DfqB n‡Z cv‡i| Singular Proper  Noun Gi c~‡e© Article emv‡bv DwPZ bv| ‡hgb:

Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh.	Correct
A/the Dhaka  is located in the middle of Bangladesh.	Incorrect

☞ Z‡e Plural Proper  Noun Gi c~‡e© Article ‘The’ emv‡b hvq| ‡hgb:

A Mr. Talukdar is in Cox’s Bazar now.	Incorrect
The Mr. Talukdars are in Cox’s Bazar now.	Correct

☞ Proper  Noun Gi c‡i Ab¨ Av‡iKwU Noun _vK‡j Proper  Noun Gi c~‡e© Article ‘The’ emv‡Z nq| †hgb|

The Dhaka is a city of traffic congestion.	Incorrect
The Dhaka city is notorious for traffic congestion.	Correct

☞ Common Noun mvaviYZ Determiner Qvov e‡m bv|

☞ Abstract Noun I Material Noun mvaviYZ Non-count Noun|

☞ Count Noun ¸‡jv Singular I Plural Dfq ai‡Yi Subject wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|

☞ Non-count Noun †K Ab¨ kã ev k㸇”Qi mnvqZvq Plural Subject wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq|  

☞ †Kvb †Kvb mgq Proper  Noun †K Common Noun wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv hvq| †hgb:

Sentence	Proper  Noun	Common Noun
Kalidasa is a famous poet of India.	Kalidasa	-
Kalidasa is called the Shakespeare of India.	Kalidasa	the Shakespeare

e¨vL¨v: GLv‡b Shakespeare ej‡Z e¨w³ Shakespeare †K eySv‡bv nq wb; mvaviY ¸Y‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q A_ev weL¨vZ bvU¨Kv‡ii †kÖwYfz³ nIqvi e¨vcviwU‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|  

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[1] Proper  Noun me©`v capital letter w`‡q ïiæ nq|